From a research standpoint, extensive, strain-specific multicenter trials that include comprehensive product characterization, standardized outcome measures, and sufficient follow-up are essential to establish minimal effective doses, assess the durability of effects, and identify infrequent adverse events
On the one hand, deficiency of MSTN upregulates enzymes involved in lipolysis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (e.g., CPT1a and CPT2), thereby increasing fatty acid oxidation in peripheral tissues and reducing lipid accumulation
The effect of CAPE on lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in the plasma of rats following thermal injury
In addition, multiple transcription factors, such as ATF3, ATF4, P53, Nrf2, and c-Myc, have been identified as the regulators of SLC7A11 and SLC3A2 transcription [11, 27,28,29,30]